What is life insurance?
While the term ‘life insurance’ in Australia can be used to discuss a broad class of personal insurances including those which cover illness and disability- we will be only discussing term life cover or ‘death cover’ and for personal (not business) purposes.
Life cover is an insurance policy which provides a onetime financial payment in the event that an insured person suffers death or terminal illness.
It is essentially a risk transfer solution to a commercial insurance company whereby in exchange for paying a smaller amount each year to the insurer (the premium)– the insurer will cover the financial risk of death and will pay a much larger sum out if that event occurs.
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How much cover?
The following are considerations for determining how much cover might be required:
- Debt Payout- this often includes allowing for enough life insurance repaying a principal home’s mortgage and other personal debts. This can also be extended to covering investment related debt as well.
- Income replacement- an additional sum can be factored in to provide ongoing income to a surviving partner or family. This could either cover a percentage of the life insured’s income they were earning or to cover a dollar amount of living expenses. It could also provide a working surviving spouse with time off work for a period of time.
- Education- an additional lump sum could also provide dependant children with an amount to fund education costs including private schooling and/or vocational and tertiary education expenses.
- Final expenses- an allowance can be made to cover final expenses, including funeral costs.
- Estate equalisation- life insurance can also be used as a way of evening up the intended wealth someone wishes to leave their family. For instance – a person may have three children and the majority of their wealth may be tied up in a lumpy asset such as a farm or family home that one of the children may wish to retain. Life insurance could be obtained to provide for an equivalent amount of funds to the other two children without needing to sell the lumpy asset.
Its important to note also that a person’s accrued super fund balance is also payable on death and so depending on circumstances- a person’s super balance can be factored in (subtracted) off the total life insurance cover required.
Ownership
A life insurance policy can be owned by the actual life insured (the same person). However, it is also possible to have other policy ownership structures including have a jointly owned policy- perhaps with a spouse, or to have a superannuation fund as the policy owner (which is the case when premiums are paid from a super fund).
Premium Payment
The cost of life insurance premiums can be paid by someone’s personal cashflow (ie bank account or credit card), or can be paid via superannuation.
Life cover is one of the most affordable types of insurance cover in Australia and the annual premium paid covers a sum insured sometimes hundreds of times the annual premium paid.
Life insurance premiums are generally not tax deductible (if the cover taken is for personal purposes) if the premium is paid personally. If paid via a superannuation fund- then a tax credit can sometimes reduce the life insurance premium payable from the super fund (depending on the type of policy taken and super fund involved).
Naming a Beneficiary
Life insurance is generally a non-estate asset meaning it does not automatically form part of a will. This means the policy holder needs to also ensure they make a valid beneficiary nomination with the life insurer. Life insurance beneficiaries may include someone’s spouse, children, or other persons, or can be paid into their estate for distribution in accordance with the instructions of their will. While life insurance claim proceeds are often paid in a single lump sum, some life insurers also offer an ongoing income stream instead. Consideration should be given to any vulnerability of beneficiaries and whether they should be strictly receiving a lump sum of funds directly.
Tax on Claim Proceeds
Life insurance owned by personally (ie outside of superannuation) can be paid generally without any tax payable to the beneficiary. However, if a policy is owned within a superannuation fund then it is subject to superannuation death benefit tax rules. Generally, a spouse of any age or a dependent child under 18 won’t pay any tax on life insurance benefits held inside super- but adult children and other beneficiaries will. This is a complex area and requires forward planning to determine an optimal outcome for beneficiaries.
If there are life insurance questions you have that you would like to discuss with a financial adviser, or if you would simply like to know how you are tracking towards your goals and objectives- you can book a private initial phone call with us here.
This information is general in nature and has been prepared without considering your objectives, financial situation or needs. You should, before acting on any advice, consider its appropriateness to your circumstances (including your objectives, financial situation and needs). You should also consider the relevant PDS before making any decision about any product.